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Conservative democracy (Turkish: ''Muhafazakâr demokrasi'' ) is a term coined by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) of Turkey to describe their prevailing political outlook on social and moral issues. Forming as a modernist break-away party from former Islamist movements, the AKP's conservative democratic ideology has been described as a departure from or moderation of Islamic democracy and the endorsement of more secular and democratic values. The electoral success and the Neo-Ottoman foreign policy of the AKP that aims to broaden Turkey's regional influence has led to the party's conservative democratic ideals to be mirrored in other countries, such as by the Justice and Development Party in Morocco and the Ennahda Movement in Tunisia.〔http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/morocco/8917595/Islamists-in-Morocco-election-claim-historic-vote-breakthrough.html〕〔http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/erdogan-tells-tunisians-that-islam-and-democracy-can-work〕〔http://www.insightturkey.com/ak-party-model-for-islamists/articles/187〕 In its broadest sense, the term 'conservative democracy' highlights the compatibility of Islam with democracy, a western-oriented foreign policy, neoliberal economics and secularism within government.〔http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/erdogan-tells-tunisians-that-islam-and-democracy-can-work〕〔http://pbilgin.bilkent.edu.tr/NPT%2040,%20Pinar%20Bilgin.pdf〕 Since this view has been reflected in several economic, foreign, domestic and social policy initiatives, the term 'conservative democracy' has been referred to as a floating signifier that encompasses a broad coalition of ideas.〔http://www.academia.edu/7305673/AKP_s_Conservative_Democracy_as_an_Empty_Signifier_in_Turkish_Politics_Shifts_and_Challenges_after_2002〕 In contrast and because of its broad definition, the term has also been accused of being a red herring designed to conceal a hidden Islamist agenda while maintaining public support.〔http://www.nouvelle-europe.eu/en/turkey-akp-s-hidden-agenda-or-different-vision-secularism〕 The main ideals of conservative democracy are best identified when compared to the Islamist ideology advocated by the AKP's preceding parties. A substantial contrast between the two exist, for example, on their position regarding the European Union, Israel, the United States, economic policy and to an extent, social policy. ==Political development== The AKP was formed in 2001 after moderate politicians abandoned the Islamist Virtue Party in order to establish a modernist political party instead. These included the former Mayor of Istanbul, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Kayseri MP Abdullah Gül. Earning the support of many members from the Virtue Party, the AKP also took away much of the support from other centre-right economically liberal parties such as the True Path Party and the Motherland Party in the 2002 general election. The party has thus been described as a "broad right-wing coalition of Islamists, reformist Islamists, conservatives, nationalists, centre-right, and pro-business groups.〔http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/opeds/Cagaptay20140507-Janes.pdf〕 Since Secularism in Turkey is enshrined in the constitution, various openly Islamist political parties such as the National Order Party, National Salvation Party, Welfare Party and eventually the Virtue Party were closed down by the Constitutional Court for anti-secular activities. This contributed to the subsequent abandonment of an openly Islamist ideology in favour of a reformed, pro-secular conservative democratic ideal that would be accepted by the state. A closure case against the AKP in 2008 on the grounds that the party violated secularism thereby failed, though the party was stripped of 50% of its state funding. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conservative democracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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